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\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 Sewanee, TN \par \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 Environmental Studies Internship \par \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 August 22, 2009 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid3475539 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9328226 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af38\hich\af38\dbch\af38\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid9328226 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 Hydrologic Study of the Sewanee Area \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16201159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 As a recent Sewanee graduate, the opportunity to live in Sewanee and do valuable research was incredible. My research was composed of several \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 different projects, all of which ultimately will aid in the understanding of various hydrological features on the Cumberland Plateau and, in particular, the local community. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 My first week of work was not exactly what I had in mind when starting a hydrolog\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 y related research project. I began my first week by assisting the archeology field school with a dig at Uzzelle \hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Shelter. Though this was not necessarily a hydrology related project, my knowledge of geology was incredibly useful in the field. With the h\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 lp of the archeology students and Dr. Sherwood, we were able to find several incredibly interesting artifacts. I learned a lot about archeology in that one week. Archeologists don\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 t just dig around in the dirt. They actually have to catalog every 10 gallo\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 s of dirt they excavate! The painstaking cataloging and constant measuring of elevations really made me appreciate archeology much more. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 The next few weeks of my summer were completely devoted to the 14 man-made lakes on the Domain. In order to start my \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 lake study, I had to find a boat that I could handle alone. Thanks to the help of John Benson in the Sewanee Outing Program, I was able to borrow a sit-on-top kayak for a couple of weeks (along with a life jacket!). The first trial on the lake was a disas \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 er. Trying to find a way to sit on my kayak, which was equipped with a paddle, one car battery, depth finder, pH meter, dissolved oxygen meter, and a 100 meter measuring tape, was a grand achievement in and of itself. After a few trail runs and a few stra \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 \hich\f0 egically placed bungee cords, I was finally able to get out on the lake safely. Using my depth finder, I was able to find the deepest point of the lake. This would be where I would take my measurements\'85\loch\f0 if I could ever get the kayak to stay in one place! \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 I\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 t was quite obvious that with even the slightest bit of wind, the kayak was not going to hover over the deepest point for more than a few seconds. Back to shore I went. I had to somehow find an anchor that was small enough to fit on my kayak (which at thi \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 point was already full of equipment), but also big enough to fix my kayak in one spot. A smashed center block with a 30 ft (which, of course, did not work at Lake Jackson which is about 50 ft deep!) rope tied to it ended up serving as my anchor for the n \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 xt few weeks. I ended up measuring the pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature of all of the lakes on the Domain. I did the measurements in one foot increments in order to make a profile for each lake. These profiles show many similarities in the lakes \hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 phy\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 ical and chemical properties. This is the first time that this kind of data has been gathered in such a short time period, making it more useful for comparison. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 In the middle of this lake study, I was able to help out at a well drilling. Dr. Knoll had the\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 first well dug on the Domain. This well is located on the corner of University Avenue and Louisiana Circle, and is 100 ft deep. I was very glad to be a part of the drilling, and was able to learn a lot about well construction by observing the drill. A fe \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 w\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 days later, Dr. Knoll had a second well drilled behind the academic building at St. Andrew\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Sewanee. After these wells were dug, one of my daily duties was to measure the water level in each well. In order to correlate the groundwater in the well with t\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 e groundwater coming out of Tramlett Spring (in Abbo\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Alley), I also measure the discharge of the spring. I did this for several weeks, and created a graph showing the relationship between the water level in the well and the discharge coming from Tramlet\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 t \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 Springs. Also, in order to compare the two new wells to other wells on top of the Cumberland Plateau, I was given all of the state of Tennessee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s well data for Franklin, Grundy, and Marion counties. I had to go through hundreds of entries to find out whi\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 h wells were on top of the Plateau and which ones were not. This was a difficult task because I had to look each address up on MapQuest, then correlate the MapQuest map to a Tennessee Gazateer which showed topography. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 After I finished the lake profiles, I\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 started the next part of my research project which was a comprehensive examination of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 \hich\f0 in local streams. This project required some planning because each sample that was taken in the field had to incubate for exactly 24 hours at 35\'b0\loch\f0 C before the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 colonies could be counted. I focused primarily on these five streams: Bethel Creek (on Ball Park Rd), Abbo\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Alley (on Mikell Lane), one off of Parson\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Green Circle, one in front of Stirling\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s, and one on Mitchell Lane near the Beta house. My goal wa\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 s to sample these streams several times throughout the summer and after storm or rain events. Luckily, I was blessed with a fairly rainy summer (unlike recent summers) and was able to collect useful data before and after storm events. With several weeks w \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 rth of data, I then created bar graphs showing the number of colonies in each stream. Using these graphs, one can easily compare the amount of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 in each stream. I also took several samples from Lake Cheston (in particular, the beach area) over the co\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 urse of the summer. There were obvious differences in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 levels from the streams to the lakes (lakes were much lower than streams). Also, I took samples from streams that were further from the center of campus. Again, there were obvious difference\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 s between the two. Streams closer to the center of campus had considerably more }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 than the streams that were further away. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 The last part of my summer research was a comprehensive study of the Clifftops lake and watershed. For this, I did another te\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 mperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen profile for the Clifftops lake. I also tested many surrounding streams for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 . As I did with the streams in Sewanee, I tested the same streams before and after rain events, and was able to gather some very interesti\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 ng information. Dr. Knoll and I also took two samples from the lake (on from near the surface, and one from the bottom) to test for metals. These samples have to be sent to a lab in Canada, so the results are not available at this time. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 Overall, this int\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 ernship was really a great learning experience. With the guidance of Dr. Knoll, I was able to not only learn how to use several different instruments, but also how to interpret the data. I also really enjoyed testing the local streams for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid15665885 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 E. coli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933 \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 . This pro\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 ject was very gratifying because I knew that the data collected would be very useful for future studies. It would be interesting to continue this study, and begin to try to locate and fix any problem areas which are causing the pollution. \par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 This internship\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 will definitely help in my future endeavors, and has already helped a lot. I am currently a graduate student in the Chemical Engineering Department at Mississippi State University. As a graduate student, I am researching techniques that will turn wastewa \hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af38\loch\f0 er into biofuel. Though these fields are vastly different, there are several similarities. It is also extremely useful to have the hydrology background that I have when working with wastewater treatment facilities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2498933\charrsid16201159 \par }}